Hypatia (360–415 CE)
One of the earliest recorded woman mathematicians, working in philosophy and astronomy. Renowned in her own lifetime as a great teacher and counselor.
She wrote a commentary on Diophantus's thirteen-volume Arithmetica, which may survive in part, having been interpolated into Diophantus's original text, and another commentary on Apollonius of Perga's treatise on conic sections, which has not survived. Many modern scholars also believe that Hypatia may have edited the surviving text of Ptolemy's Almagest, based on the title of her father Theon's commentary on Book III of the Almagest.
Hypatia's murder [by a Christian mob] shocked the Eastern Roman Empire and transformed her into a "martyr for philosophy" […] During the Age of Enlightenment, she became a symbol of opposition to Catholicism.