The seven liberal arts.

Here, liberal art means it's for the wealthy, people who are "free" to waste time. Comes from the Middle Ages, but the notion of a set of arts/sciences as a core for the citizen's education was not new, this continues Isocrates' "paideia" and Quintilian's "ideal education".

• (Unnamed Babylonians)
• 310-230 BCE Aristarchos
• 100-170 Ptolemy
• 1473-1543 Nicolaus Copernicus
• 1546-1601 Tycho Brahe
• 1548-1600 Giordano Bruno (red herring)
• 1564-1642 Galileo Galilei
• 1571-1630 Johannes Kepler
• 1625-1712 Giovanni Cassini
• 1629-1695 Christiaan Huygens
• 1642-1726 Isaac Newton
• 1879-1955 Albert Einstein

What is #rhetoric for?

There exists a simplistic distinction between "convincing someone of something" and "proving it". One is about being right (att ha rätt); finding a conclusion that's true independent of what others think, via logic/philosophy/research. The other is about showing yourself right (att få rätt); getting the listeners to believe in something independently of whether it's true or not.

This is a common view, but even for Aristotle it was a too simple distinction. It's actually about two separate kinds of questions:

1. where the answer can only be one way
2. where the answer could be in any way (can never be settled once and for all). "That which could be different". This, he means, is where rhetoric can be applied.

If I understand correctly, the sophists would have merged both and then said that rhetoric both creates knowledge and proves it. See Knowledge production.

Borde inte använda retorik för att framföra en förutfattad åsikt, utan hitta den rätta åsikten. Vi kan använda konsten för att driva ett produktivt samtal.

Orbits Terra.

On [1969-07-16 Wed] ([1969-07-20 Sun]?), Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins and Neil Armstrong became the first humans to set foot on the Moon.

And they left a golden plaque that said, "We come in peace for all mankind".