Known for the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Got the Nobel Prize in 1932 "for the creation of quantum mechanics". Worked for the Nazis to develop nukes.

Aristarchos of Samos calculated the Earth's circumference very well, and realized that the Earth must revolve around the Sun. Nobody liked this, so we had to wait 1700 years for Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543) to once more put forth the idea in the public sphere.

It has been said that Cleanthes (a Stoic) considered Aristarchos a dangerous enemy, (perhaps due to the 'providence or atoms' issue?)

One of the earliest recorded woman mathematicians, working in philosophy and astronomy. Renowned in her own lifetime as a great teacher and counselor.

She wrote a commentary on Diophantus's thirteen-volume Arithmetica, which may survive in part, having been interpolated into Diophantus's original text, and another commentary on Apollonius of Perga's treatise on conic sections, which has not survived. Many modern scholars also believe that Hypatia may have edited the surviving text of Ptolemy's Almagest, based on the title of her father Theon's commentary on Book III of the Almagest.

Hypatia's murder [by a Christian mob] shocked the Eastern Roman Empire and transformed her into a "martyr for philosophy" […] During the Age of Enlightenment, she became a symbol of opposition to Catholicism.

Lived in a barrel in the Athens marketplace. Famous for stunts such as carrying an oil lamp in daylight, saying "I'm looking for an honest man". Once, Alexander the Great, the king that had conquered the known world, visited Diogenes and asked if there was anything he could do for him. To which Diogenes replied "For the present, that you stand a little out of my sun".