#statistics

An estimator is a rule for estimating a given quantity based on observed data.

Example estimators: error, MSE, sampling deviation, bias, best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE), minimum-variance unbiased estimator (MVUE), maximum a posteriori (MAP).

A consistent estimator, AKA asymptotically consistent estimator, is one which converges to the correct value even if it has bias initially, with enough samples.

A biased estimator is one where the expected value and true value are different.

If an unbiased estimator converges on any value, it means the estimator must be consistent. In other words, there is no such thing as an unbiased inconsistent estimator, but there are unbiased estimators that do not converge. Schoolbook examples of this are such dead-stupid estimators as x = X_n, which never takes the whole array X_1,2,3… into account, only the latest observation and naturally that does not converge to any kind of average, but it unbiasedly estimates the latest observation.

BLUE

Related to the word "eloquent".

In Ancient Greece, rhetoric was not considered very separate from poetry. Gorgias (483–375 BCE) is famous for his "Gorgian figures": antitheses and other wordplays (elocutio) (same root as the word "gorgeous"?). The aesthetic enjoyment (terpsis) was one of the goals of speaking well, beside convincing. The interest in this rose after the fall of democracy in Rome, which could be explained by the lessened importance of convincing anyone and more in being seen as impressive.

• List of Figures of style
• List of Tropes

Here is a list of eighteen "traditional" fallacies. IDK where my teacher got it from.

• Argumentum ad hominem - personangrepp
• Argumentum ad baculum - hotelseargument
• Argumentum ad populum - hänvisning till folket
• Argumentum ad consequentiam - det sluttande planet
• Argumentum ad verecundiam
• Argumentum ad misericordiam
• Argumentum ad ignorantiam - apell till okunskap
• Post hoc ergo propter hoc
• Secundum quid
• Non causa pro causa
• Cirkelargument
  • Latin: petitio principii, "the question of the first question".
• Halmdockan
• Inkonsistens
• Falsk analogi
• Sammansättningsfallasi
• Delningsfallasi
• Equivocation
• Villospår - Ignoratio elenchi
• Falsk dikotomi

#rhetoric

Partes är den retoriska arbetsprocessen. Det börjar (på sätt och vis inofficiellt) med intellectio.

Även kallat IDEMA, efter följande beståndsdelar (de sista två var i antiken omvända i ordning, nog måste det ha funnits en tanke med det, men moderna retoriker har ändrat det).

1. Inventio
2. Dispositio
3. Elocutio
4. Memoria
5. Actio